COGNITION

The mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired, including perception, intuition, and reasoning. It is the mechanism of learning and retaining. 

Cognition involves not only the things that go on inside our heads but also how these thoughts and mental processes influence our actions. Our attention to the world around us, memories of past events, understanding of language, judgements about how the world works, and abilities to solve problems all contribute to how we behave and interact with our surrounding environment.

The sensory processor allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli and attended to with various levels of focus and intent. Working memory serves as an encoding and retrieval processor. Information in the form of stimuli is encoded in accordance with explicit or implicit functions by the working memory processor. The working memory also retrieves information from previously stored material. 

Any information before they are acquired by your brain they need to be converted into sensory messages and to be sent to the right receiver.

For example, a beautiful flower to be appreciated by your cognitive centre has to pass through your eyes as image(photo-rays) to fall on photo-sensitive neurons in the retina in the back of your eye to convert them into electrical signals (rods for black & white, and cones for colours), then the created electrical signals can pass through myelinated(sheathed) nerve fibres(electric wires) in the optic nerve(vision) to the back of your brain(occipital lobe, optic area) and over there, the electrical signals will be analysed and understood. The acquired information in the occipital lobe will then be sent to the memory centres in the grey matter of your brain to be stored for later recall when you wanted to remember the details of that flower you saw earlier.